The Day Dreamers - 1574 Words

The Day Dreamers Have you ever wondered why so many students at City High are sluggish and lethargic? Are they just lazy and unmotivated? No, most of them probably suffer from lack of sleep, caused by biological clocks that are set to a different schedule than their classes. Teenagers have a physiological need to stay up later and sleep longer than pre-adolescents, yet the daily schedule of the school runs oblivious to this. At City High students usually have to get up a little before 6:30, yet it is only natural for teenagers to get up later in the mornings. According to Mark Mahowald, MD, director of the Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center, â€Å"(Adolescents’) biological clocks program them to go to sleep late—too late to get an adequate amount of sleep before the next school day begins† (qtd. In Lamberg). Because he believes that most high schools open too early, he is leading a campaign to move the start of high school to 9 a.m. in Minneapolis. Puberty causes teenagers to go to sleep an hour later than when they were younger, according to Dr. Mary Caraskadon, director of chronobiology and sleep research at Bradlet Hospital in Rhode Island (Lamberg). In contrast to this law of nature, U-32 students have to go to school about an hour earlier than elementary school students in the same school district. Because of her research, Dr. Caraskadon agrees with Dr. Mahowald’s opinions: â€Å"The practice of ringing the opening bell earlier in high school thanShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of My Dream1056 Words   |  5 Pagesemphasizes on asking the dreamer sixteen questions that can be used to interpret any dream (Van De Castle, 1995, p. 197). Yet, for this interpretation, I only used some of his sixteen questions, as the dreamer was unable to recall some of the details of her dream. According to Geldin’s theory one of the first questions that should be asked for every dream is â€Å"what comes to you or what are the associations to th e dream† (Van De Castle, 1995, p. 197). When I asked the dreamer this question, she respondedRead MoreDescriptive Essay About The Dreamer759 Words   |  4 PagesThe Dreamer Did you know everything has a legend? The samurai of China, the gods of the Greeks, and the unsung heroes of the Roman Empire are legendary, enshrouded in myths. But, did you know that the greatest things in the world are often the smallest? The bubbles blown from a child’s wand are the most wonderful, most beautiful things in the world. I can hear you laughing in scorn, but it’s true. Do you know the legends that veil these blissful things? I would be surprised if you do, for most ofRead MoreThe Dreamers By Dave Isay1347 Words   |  6 PagesWhat really defines a dreamer? Is it the children who have unrealistic dreams of playing in the big leagues or is it someone who has a plan and will go out of his or her way to achieve it? Both of these options can be true. Dreamers are special in this world because they have hope for something they believe in. Nothing is more fascinating than seeing an individual who never gave up and worked extremely hard to reach their goal . Having read only three sections so far, I have explored the individual’sRead MoreMy Dream Is A Place Of Spirituality And Emotional Expression808 Words   |  4 Pagesthat would resonate with the dreamer. Once I relaxed and let the meanings flow without judgement the process became easier. Stage 3A: Back to the Dreamer. The dream is returned to the dreamer who is invited to offer her thoughts to the group (Ullman, 2006). The dreamer will choose to respond (or not) to the group in any manners, she wishes, and makes whatever comments she chooses (Sturzenacker, G., 2008). The role of the group at this point is to listen to the dreamer. It is important that groupRead MoreFantasies from Lucid Dreaming1512 Words   |  6 Pagesothers, he had experienced far more than supposable â€Å"midnight awakenings†. As simply claiming that lucid dreaming existed was far from enough for the phenomenon to be scientifically verified, he needed to conduct a scientific experiment and ‘till this day, his methods are the most reliable ways to verify lucid dreams. This method was eye signalling. Lucid dreaming occurs during a REM sleep phase which stands for â€Å"rapid eye movement† as is one of the few body muscles that are remains unaffected fromRead MoreThe American Dream Analysis1162 Words   |  5 Pageshouse, two children, and plenty of money. However, Coates defines â€Å"the Dream† in a different manner. When talking specifically about the American Dream, he describes it as if it were a fairy tale: â€Å"It is perfect houses with nice lawns. It is Memorial Day cookouts, block associations, and driveways. The Dream is treehouses and Cub Scouts. The Dream smells like peppermint but tastes like strawberry shortcake.† However, Coates then switches his perspective and boldly states: â€Å"†¦the Dream rests on our backsRead MoreDestruction of Dreams, Failure of Dreamers in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby1489 Words   |  6 Pages Jay Gatsby, the protagonist of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, is used to contrast a real American dreamer against what had become of American society during the 1920s.   By magnifying the tragic fate of dreamers, conveying that twenties America lacked the substance to fulfill dreams and exposing the shallowness of Jazz-Age Americans, Fitzgerald foreshadows the destruction of his own generation. The beauty and splendor of Gatsbys parties masked the innate corruption within theRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie1464 Words   |  6 PagesAmanda accuses Tom of introducing the two for amusement and proceeds to make comments about his selfish nature. Tom, exasperated by his mothers comments decides to leave home for good. Throughout the play Tom is portrayed as selfish, cowardly, and a dreamer. Williams depiction of Tom is that of a selfish character. Toms selfishness is seen in the constant references to his dreams of adventure and cruelty towards Amanda and Laura. Instead of caring for his mother and sister, Tom chooses to engage inRead MoreFreud and Rapunzel864 Words   |  4 PagesIn the fairy tale â€Å"Rapunzel†, the dreamer, Rapunzel, successfully passes through all the Freudian psychosexual stages of development. Symbolism helps to illustrate the dreamer’s movement through the five stages. The Witch portrays the super-ego figure in â€Å"Rapunzel†. Rapunzel’s mother plays the Id figure. The events of Rapunzel’s life lead the reader to identify the dream as more of a nightmare. Her father agrees to give Rapunzel to a witch, who then locks Rapunzel in a tall tower; only rescued byRead MoreHow to Prevent Recurring Dreams Essay852 Words   |  4 Pagesdream journal should be able to be approached at anytime, anywhere. As a result, a ll of the details of the dreams can be recorded. Right after waking up in the morning, the first behavior that should be done is writing down the dreams. Even if a dreamer is awakened in the middle of the night, keeping the dream journal cannot be overlooked. Furthermore, this journal should be considered as an individual dream dictionary. With this in mind, the specifics of the dreams are recorded as much as possible

Article Review On A Good Used Car Just From The Ad

How To Spot A Good Used Car Just From The Ad By Steve Goodale | Submitted On November 28, 2011 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Steve Goodale When you buy a used car it can be a frustrating experience with many people feeling helpless and frustrated with no clear direction to go in. Buying a used car in a private sale will take a great deal of time but by reading into the content of the used car ad you can get a good idea as to the mentality of the seller and potentially the condition of the car as well. Ads that are very descriptive, including pictures, and detail the vitals about the car, its previous history, as well as the past and current mechanical condition are best. By providing detailed information about the car you are more easily able to determine if the car is a potential candidate for a good deal and worth taking the time to arrange an in person inspection with the seller. You could literally spend a lifetime looking at overpriced and unreliable cars when searching for a good deal. Identify sellers who are serious about selling their used car. A descriptive and detailed ad will tell you that this car owner is serious about selling the car andShow MoreRelatedMarketing Environment Of Business Has Changed Than Few Years Back Essay1176 Words   |  5 PagesToday the IT marketing environment of business has changed than few years back. Where there was only one functional website of the company was used in order to generate leads. . Food Group International is one these businesses who benefited from the use of a functional website. This website was like a personal office for the company which was opened 24 hours in 365 days in a year. It was an ideal way to showcase the mission of IFG for end users. In those days, customers were more likely to expectRead MoreCreating A Marketing Plan For Mba Capstone1386 Words   |  6 Pagesto promote foods with different flavor as consumers continue to demand good tasting foods. Touch is just another sense that classic marketing exercises to promote products such as mobile smart phones, small electronic devices, and others such as good grips kitchen utensils. Another tool for marketers is subliminal advertising. It is a signal or a message that is designated to pass under the radar of one’s perception and is used to influence the public to compel an action (3). Mere exposure uses aRead More2016 Digital Reports For Your Records And Review Essay1532 Words   |  7 PagesGood afternoon gentlemen, I hope your day is going well so far! In the below link you will find the November 2016 Digital Reports for your records and review: https://www.dropbox.com/sh/xvjp8z10ovrx2sy/AAAAclVqYSD7ypxNG4C9Z93Ua?dl=0 Monthly Notes Below are the November at-a-glance† stats that you will find in the attached reports: Store Conversion Rate Bounce Rate Average Pages Viewed Time On Site Impression Share Search Click-Through Rate Fowler Century Chevrolet 5.03% 33.85% 4.90 4:05 54Read MoreThe Day That Wal-Mart Dropped the Smiley Face4464 Words   |  18 Pagesspends close to a half billion dollars on advertising, so the company’s decision in the first month of 2005 to run full-page ads in more than 100 newspapers was not really surprising. What was surprising was the copy in those ads, which said nothing about low-priced toasters or new music CDs. Instead, the ads featured a photo of workers in their blue Wal-Mart smocks and a letter from Wal-Mart CEO Lee Scott. Scott’s letter was blunt and to the point: â€Å"When special interest groups and critics spread misinformationRead More The New Yorker Magazine Essay2943 Words   |  12 Pages†¢nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;July, 1966 – The cover of the July 2nd, 1966 edition of The New Yorker includes artwork by Michael Getz. Displaying a show of patriotism, Getz uses the entire portion of the cover to present an illustration of an American flag hanging from the front of a typical upper-middle class designed home. However, other than the title of the magazine and the drawing itself, the only other printed words contained on the cover are the date of the issue and the price of the magazine; 35 cents. Read MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Society1463 Words   |  6 Pages Movies, video games, music and television shows come in different genres. However, depending on age in regards to youth not just anyone is allowed to: watch certain movies, buy just any video game, listen to any music or watch any tv show. Sometimes they can see certain movies with a parent or guardian. Seeing violence in excess causes violent acts to take place in society because it gives ideas to viewers or listeners especially those who are young. This the reason there are ratings for mediaRead MoreInternational Food Group : Online Marketing With Functional Website Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesInternational Food Group: Online Marketing with Functional Website Today the IT marketing environment of business has changed than few years back. Where there was only one functional website of the company was used in order to generate leads. . Food Group International is one these businesses who benefited from the use of a functional website. This website was like a personal office for the company which was opened 24 hours in 365 days in a year. It was an ideal way to showcase the mission of IFG for end usersRead MoreBig Data: ‘Mined’ My Business? Essay1216 Words   |  5 Pagescomplex algorithms to discover subtle patterns, correlations, and relationships among citizens? That may sound pretty far-fetched. You may be astonished to learn just how real this data collection is, and the extent to which the compiled information is being used for business tactics in all parts of the world. â€Å"Big Data† is the unofficial term used to describe predictive analytics: the collecting, storing, and analyzing large volumes of data. The name Big Data began in the recent years due to the constantlyRead MoreMission At Bay Village Honda2181 Words   |  9 Pagesprovide quality vehicles at a competitive cost for customers ranging from members of an everyday family to the adventurous individual. All members of Bay Village Honda strive offer the highest customer service to ensure every customer need is met beyond expectations. B. Goals and Objectives Bay Village Honda is working towards providing multiple services within the first year, including car sales, repair and maintenance, and car rental services. We have set a goal to sell on average 20 vehicles perRead MoreThe Big Data Related Activities1487 Words   |  6 PagesThe world is changing with respect to the growth in big data and to the way in which it is used. Growth in big data brings with it many challenges, but it also presents new opportunities. Figure 1, helps understand some of the big data related activities that are taking place in the world with respect to volume of data that is being consumed by these activities over the next 5 years. Fig. 1: Data is predicted to grow to more than 160,000 terabytes in the next 5 years. Apple was Teradata’s â€Å"fastest

Island of the Sequined Love Nun Chapter 4~7 Free Essays

4 Pinnacle of the Pink Pyramid A low buzz of anticipation ran through the halls of the hospital. Reporters checked the batteries in their microrecorders and cell phones. Orderlies and nurses lingered in the hallways in hope of getting a glimpse of the celebrity. We will write a custom essay sample on Island of the Sequined Love Nun Chapter 4~7 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The FAA men straightened their ties and shot their cuffs. One receptionist in administration, who was only two distributorships away from earning her own pink Oldsmobile, ducked into an examining room and sucked lungfuls of oxygen to chase the dizziness that comes from meeting one’s Messiah. Mary Jean was coming. Mary Jean Dobbins did not travel with an entourage, bodyguards, or any other of the decorative leeches commonly attached to the power-wielding rich. â€Å"God is my bodyguard,† Mary Jean would say. She carried a .38-caliber gold-plated Lady Smith automatic in her bag: the Clara Barton Commemorative Model, presented to her by the Daughters of the Confederacy at their annual â€Å"Let’s Lynch Leroy† pecan pie bake-off, held every Martin Luther King Jr. Day. (She didn’t agree with their politics, but the belles could sure sell some makeup. If the South did not rise again, it wouldn’t be for lack of foundation.) Today, as Mary Jean came through the doors of the main lobby, she was flanked by a tall predatory woman in a black business suit – a severe con-trast to Mary Jean’s soft pastel blue ensemble with matching bag and pumps. â€Å"Strength and femininity are not exclusive, ladies.† She was sixty-five; matronly but elegant. Her makeup was perfect, but not overdone. She wore a sapphire-and-diamond pin whose value approximated the gross national product of Zaire. She greeted every orderly and nurse with a smile, asked after their families, thanked them for their compassionate work, flirted when appropriate, and tossed compliments over her shoulder as she passed, without ever missing a step. She left a wake of acutely charmed fans, even among the cynical and stubborn. Outside Tucker’s room the predatory woman – a lawyer – broke formation and confronted the maggotry of reporters, allowing Mary Jean to slip past. She poked her head inside. â€Å"You awake, slugger?† Tuck was startled by her voice, yanked out of his redundant reverie of unemployment, imprisonment, and impotence. He wanted to pull the sheets over his head and quietly die. â€Å"Mary Jean.† The makeup magnate moved to his bedside and took his hand, all compassion and caring. â€Å"How are you feeling?† Tucker looked away from her. â€Å"I’m okay.† â€Å"Do you need anything? I’ll have it here in a Texas jiffy.† â€Å"I’m fine,† Tucker said. She always made him feel like he’d just struck out in his first Little League game and she was consoling him with milk and cookies. The fact that he’d once tried to seduce her doubled the humi-liation. â€Å"Jake told me that you’re having me moved to Houston. Thank you.† â€Å"I have to keep an eye on you, don’t I?† She patted his hand. â€Å"You sure you’re feeling well enough for a talk?† Tucker nodded. He wasn’t buying the outpouring of warm fuzzies she was selling. He’d seen her doing business on the plane. â€Å"That’s good, honey,† Mary Jean said, rising and looking around the room for the first time. â€Å"I’ll have some flowers sent up. A touch of color will brighten things up, won’t it? Something fragrant too. The constant smell of disinfectant must be disturbing.† â€Å"A little,† Tuck said. She wheeled on her heel and looked at him. Her smile went hard. Tuck saw wrinkles around her mouth for the first time. â€Å"Probably reminds you of what a total fuckup you are, doesn’t it?† Tucker gulped. She’d faked him out of his shoes. â€Å"I’m sorry, Mary Jean. I’m†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She raised a hand and he shut up. â€Å"You know I don’t like to use profanity or firearms, so please don’t push me, Tucker. A lady controls her anger.† â€Å"Firearms?† Mary Jean pulled the Lady Smith automatic out of her purse and leveled it at Tucker’s bandaged crotch. Strangely, he noticed that Mary Jean had chipped a nail drawing the gun and for that, he realized, she really might kill him. â€Å"You didn’t listen to me when I told you to stop drinking. You didn’t listen when I told you to stay away from my representatives. You didn’t listen when I told you that if you were going to amount to anything, you had to give your life to God. You’d better damn well listen now.† She racked the slide on the automatic. â€Å"Are you listening?† Tuck nodded. He didn’t breathe, but he nodded. â€Å"Good. I have run this company for forty years without a hint of scandal until now. I woke up yesterday to see my face next to yours on all the morning news shows. Today it’s on the cover of every newspaper and tabloid in the country. A bad picture, Tucker. My suit was out of season. And every article uses the words ‘penis’ and ‘prostitute’ over and over. I can’t have that. I’ve worked too hard for that.† She reached out and tugged on his catheter. Pain shot though his body and he reached for the ringer for the nurse. â€Å"Don’t even think about it, pretty boy. I just wanted to make sure I had your attention.† â€Å"The gun pretty much did it, Mary Jean,† Tucker groaned. Fuck it, he was a dead man anyway. â€Å"Don’t you speak to me. Just listen. This is going to disappear. You are going to disappear. You’re getting out of here tomorrow and then you’re going to a cabin I have up in the Rockies. You won’t go home, you won’t speak to any reporters, you won’t say doodly squat. My lawyers will handle the legal aspects and keep you out of jail, but you will never surface again. When this blows over, you can go on with your pathetic life. But with a new name. And if you ever set foot in the state of Texas or come within a hundred yards of anyone involved in my company, I will personally shoot you dead. Do you understand?† â€Å"Can I still fly?† Mary Jean laughed and lowered the gun. â€Å"Sweetie, to a Texas way a thinkin’ the only way you coulda screwed up worse is if you’d throwed a kid down a well after fessing up to being on the grassy knoll stompin’ yellow roses in between shootin’ the President. You ain’t gonna fly, drive, walk, crawl, or spit if I have anything to say about it.† She put the gun in her purse and went into the tiny bathroom to check her makeup. A quick primping and she headed for the door. â€Å"I’ll send up some flowers. Y’all heal up now, honey.† She wasn’t going to kill him after all. Maybe he could win her back. â€Å"Mary Jean, I think I had a spiritual experience.† â€Å"I don’t want to hear about any of your degenerate activities.† â€Å"No, a real spiritual experience. Like a – what do you call it? – an epiphany?† â€Å"Son, you don’t know it, but you’re as close to seeing the Lord as you’ve ever been in your life. Now you hush before I send you to perdition.† She put on her best beatific smile and left the room radiating the power of positive thinking. Tucker pulled the covers over his head and reached for the flask Jake had left. Perdition, huh? She made it sound bad. Must be in Oklahoma. 5 Our Lady of the Fishnet Stockings The High Priestess of the Shark People ate Chee-tos and watched afternoon talk shows over the satellite feed. She sat in a wicker emperor’s chair. A red patent leather pump dangled from one toe. Red lipstick, red nails, a big red bow in her hair. But for a pair of silk seamed stockings, she was naked. On the screen: Meadow Malackovitch, in a neck brace, sobbed on her lawyer’s shoulder – a snapshot of the pilot who had traumatized her was inset in the upper-right-hand corner. The host, a failed weatherman who now made seven figures mining trailer parks for atrocities, was reading the dubious rsum of Tucker Case. Shots of the pink jet, before and after. Stock footage of Mary Jean on an airfield tarmac, followed by Case in a leather jacket. The High Priestess touched herself lightly, leaving a faint orange stripe of Chee-to spoor on her pubes (she was a natural blonde), then keyed the intercom that connected her to the Sorcerer. â€Å"What?† came the man’s voice, weary but awake. It was 2:00 A.M. The Sorcerer had been working all night. â€Å"I think we’ve found our pilot,† she said. 6 Who’s Flying This Life? At the last minute Mary Jean changed her mind about sending Tucker Case to her cabin in the mountains. â€Å"Put him in a motel room outside of town and don’t let him out until I say so.† In two weeks Tucker had seen only the nurse who came in to change his bandages and the guard. Actually, the guard was a tackle, second-string defense from SMU, six-foot-six, two hundred and seventy pounds of earnest Christian na;vet named Dusty Lemon. Tucker was lying on the bed watching television. Dusty sat hunched over the wood-grain Formica table reading Scripture. Tucker said, â€Å"Dusty, why don’t you go get us a six-pack and a pizza?† Dusty didn’t look up. Tuck could see the shine of his scalp through his crew cut. A thick Texas drawl: â€Å"No, sir. I don’t drink and Mrs. Jean said that you wasn’t to have no alcohol.† â€Å"It’s not Mrs. Jean, you doofus. It’s Mrs. Dobbins.† After two weeks, Dusty was beginning to get on Tuck’s nerves. â€Å"Just the same,† Dusty said. â€Å"I can call for a pizza for you, but no beer.† Tuck detected a blush though the crew cut. â€Å"Dusty?† â€Å"Yes sir.† The tackle looked up from his Bible, waited. â€Å"Get a real name.† â€Å"Yes, sir,† Dusty said, a giant grin bisecting his moon face, â€Å"Tuck.† Tucker wanted to leap off the bed and cuff Dusty with his Bible, but he was a long way from being able to leap anywhere. Instead, he looked at the ceiling for a second (it was highway safety orange, like the walls, the doors, the tile in the bathroom), then propped himself up on one elbow and considered Dusty’s Bible. â€Å"The red type. That the hot parts?† â€Å"The words of Jesus,† Dusty said, not looking up. â€Å"Really?† Dusty nodded, looked up. â€Å"Would you like me to read to you? When my grandma was in the hospital, she liked me to read Scriptures to her.† Tucker fell back with an exasperated sigh. He didn’t understand religion. It was like heroin or golf: He knew a lot of people did it, but he didn’t un-derstand why. His father watched sports every Sunday, and his mother had worked in real estate. He grew up thinking that church was something that simply interfered with games and weekend open houses. His first ex-posure to religion, other than the skin mag layouts of the women who had brought down television evangelists, had been his job with Mary Jean. For her it just seemed like good business. Sometimes he would stand in the back of the auditorium and listen to her talk to a thousand women about having God on their sales team, and they would cheer and â€Å"Hallelujah!† and he would feel as if he’d been left out of something – something beyond the apparent goofiness of it all. Maybe Dusty had something on him besides a hundred pounds. â€Å"Dusty, why don’t you go out tonight? You haven’t been out in two weeks. I have to be here, but you – you must have a whole line of babes crying to get you back, huh? Big football player like you, huh?† Dusty blushed again, going deep red from the collar of his practice jersey to the top of his head. He folded his hands and looked at them in his lap. â€Å"Well, I’m sorta waitin’ for the right girl to come along. A lot of the girls that go after us football players, you know, they’re kinda loose.† Tuck raised an eyebrow. â€Å"And?† Dusty squirmed, his chair creaked under the strain. â€Å"Well, you know, it’s kinda†¦Ã¢â‚¬  And suddenly, amid the stammering, Tucker got it. The kid was a virgin. He raised his hand to quiet the boy. â€Å"Never mind, Dusty.† The big tackle slumped in his chair, exhausted and embarrassed. Tuck considered it. He, who understood so much the importance of a healthy sex life, who knew what women needed and how to give it to them, might never be able to do it again, and Dusty Lemon, who probably could produce a woody that women could chin themselves on, wasn’t using it at all. He pondered it. He worked it over from several angles and came very close to having a religious experience, for who but a vicious and vengeful God would allow such injustice in the world? He thought about it. Poor Tucker. Poor Dusty. Poor, poor Tucker. He felt a lump forming in his throat. He wanted to say something that would make the kid feel better. â€Å"How old are you, Dusty?† â€Å"I’ll be twenty-two next March, sir?† â€Å"Well, that’s not so bad. I mean, you might be a late bloomer, you know. Or gay maybe,† Tuck said cheerfully. Dusty started to contract into the fetal position. â€Å"Sir, I’d rather not talk about it, if you don’t mind,† he whimpered. There was a knock on the door and he uncurled, alert and ready to move. He looked to Tucker for instructions. â€Å"Well, answer it.† Dusty lumbered to the door and pulled it open a crack. â€Å"Yes?† â€Å"I’m here to see Tucker Case. It’s okay, I work for Mary Jean.† Tuck recognized Jake Skye’s voice. â€Å"Just a second.† Dusty turned and looked to Tucker, confused. â€Å"Who knows we’re here, Dusty?† â€Å"Just us and Mrs. Jean.† â€Å"Then why don’t you let him in?† â€Å"Yes, sir.† He opened the door and Jake Skye strode through carrying a grocery bag and a pizza box. â€Å"Greetings.† He threw the pizza on the bed. â€Å"Pepperoni and mushroom.† He glanced at Dusty and paused, taking a moment to look the tackle up and down. â€Å"How’d you get this job? Eat your family?† â€Å"No, sir,† Dusty said. Jake patted the tackle’s mammoth shoulder. â€Å"Good to be careful, I guess. Momma always said, ‘Beware of geeks bearing gifts.’ Who are you?† â€Å"Jake Skye,† Tuck said, â€Å"meet Dusty Lemon. Dusty, Jake Skye, Mary Jean’s jet mechanic. Be nice to Dusty, Jake, He’s a virgin.† Dusty shot a vicious glare at Tuck and extended a boxing glove size mitt. Jake shook his hand. â€Å"Virgin, huh?† Jake dropped his hand. â€Å"Not including farm animals, though, right?† Dusty winced and moved to close the door. â€Å"You-all can’t stay long. Mr. Case isn’t supposed to see no one.† Jake put the grocery bag down on the table, pulled out a fourinch-thick bundle of mail, and tossed it on the bed next to Tucker. â€Å"Your fan mail.† Tucker picked it up. â€Å"It’s all been opened.† â€Å"I was bored,† Jake said, opening the pizza box and extracting a slice. â€Å"A lot of death threats, a few marriage proposals, a couple really interesting ones had both. Oh, and an airline ticket to someplace I’ve never heard of with a check for expenses.† â€Å"From Mary Jean?† â€Å"Nope. Some missionary doctor in the Pacific. He wants you to fly for him. Medical supplies or something. Came FedEx yesterday. Almost took the job myself, seeing as I still have my pilot’s license and you don’t, but then, I can get a job here.† Tucker shuffled through the stack of mail until he found the check and the airline ticket. He unfolded the attached letter. Jake held the pizza box out to the bodyguard. â€Å"Dopey, you want some pizza?† â€Å"Dusty,† Dusty corrected. â€Å"Whatever.† To Tuck: â€Å"He wants you to leave ASAP.† â€Å"He can’t go anywhere,† said Dusty. Jake retracted the box. â€Å"I can see that, Dingy. He’s still wired for sound.† Jake gestured toward the catheter that snaked out of Tucker’s pajama bottoms. â€Å"How long before you can travel?† Tucker was studying the letter. It certainly seemed legitimate. The doctor was on a remote island north of New Guinea, and he needed someone to fly jet loads of medical supplies to the natives. He specifically mentioned that â€Å"he was not concerned† about Tucker’s lack of a pilot’s license. The â€Å"need was dire† and the need was for an experienced jet pilot who could fly a Lear 45. â€Å"Well,† Jake said, â€Å"when can you roll?† â€Å"Doctor says not for a week or so,† Tucker said. â€Å"I don’t get it. This guy is offering more money than I make for Mary Jean. Why me?† Jake pulled a Lone Star from the grocery bag and twisted off the cap. Tuck zeroed in on the beer. Dusty snatched it out of Jake’s hand. â€Å"The question is,† Jake said, glaring at Dusty, â€Å"what the fuck is a missionary doctor in Bongo Bongo land doing with a Lear 45?† â€Å"God’s work?† Dusty said innocently. Jake snatched back his beer. â€Å"Oh blow me, Huey.† â€Å"Dusty,† Dusty corrected. Tucker said, â€Å"I’m not sure this is a good idea. Maybe I should stay here and see how things pan out with the FAA. This guy wants me right away. I need more time.† â€Å"Like more time will make a difference. Damn, Tucker, you don’t have to sink eyeball deep in shit to know it’s a good idea to pull yourself out. Sometimes you have to make a decision.† Tucker looked at the letter again. â€Å"But I†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Before Tucker could finish his protest, Jake brought the Lone Star in a screaming arc across Dusty Lemon’s temple. The bodyguard fell like a dead tree and did a dead-cat bounce on the orange carpet. â€Å"Jesus!† Tucker said. â€Å"What the fuck was that?† â€Å"A decision,† Jake said. He looked up from the fallen tackle and took a pull on the foaming Lone Star. â€Å"Sometimes this high-tech world calls for low-tech solutions. Let’s go.† 7 Travel Tips â€Å"I can’t believe you hit him,† Tucker said. He was in the passenger seat of Jake Skye’s camouflaged Land Rover. It was much more car than was re-quired for the Houston expressway, but Jake was into equipment overkill. Everything he owned was Kevlar, GorTex, Polarfleece, titanium alloy, graphite-polymer composite, or of â€Å"expedition quality.† He liked machines, understood how they worked, and could fix them if they didn’t. Sometimes he spoke in an incomprehensible alphabet soup of SRAM, DRAM, FOR-TRAN, LORAN, SIMMS, SAMS, and ROM. Tuck, on the other hand, knew most of the words to â€Å"Mommas, Don’t Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys† and could restore burned toast to new by scraping off the black stuff. Of the two, Jake was the cool one. Tucker had always found being cool a little elusive. As Jake put it, â€Å"You’ve got the look, but you can’t walk the walk or talk the talk. Tucker, you are a hopeless geek trapped in a cool guy’s body, but out of the goodness of my heart, I will take you on as my student.† They’d been friends for four years. Jake had taught Tuck to fly. â€Å"He’ll be fine. He’s a jock,† Jake shouted over the buffeting wind. He hadn’t bought a top for the Land Rover, opting instead for the Outback package with the â€Å"patented rhinoceros poking platform.† â€Å"He was just a kid. He was reading the Bible.† â€Å"He would have ripped my arms off if I’d let him.† Tuck nodded. That was probably true. â€Å"Where are we going?† â€Å"The airport. Everything you need is in that pack in the back.† Tucker looked into the back of the Rover. There was a large backpack. â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Because if I don’t get you out of the country right now, you’re going to jail.† â€Å"Mary Jean said she had that handled. Said her lawyers were on it.† â€Å"Right, and I go around smacking kids with beer bottles for recreation. The hooker filed a civil suit this morning. Twenty million. Mary Jean has to throw you to the wolves to save her own ass. She has to let the court prove that you fucked up all on your own. I grabbed your passport and some clothes when I got your mail.† â€Å"Jake, I can’t just take off like this. I’m supposed to see a doctor tomorrow.† â€Å"For what?† Tuck pointed to the lump of bandages in his lap. â€Å"What do you think? He’s supposed to take this damn tube out of me.† â€Å"We’ll do it in the bathroom at the airport. There’s some antibiotics in the first-aid kit in the pack. I confirmed you for a flight to Honolulu that leaves in an hour. From there you go to Guam, then to someplace called Truk. That’s where this doctor is supposed to meet you. I’ve got it all written down. There was an e-mail address at the bottom of the letter. I sent him a message to expect you tomorrow.† â€Å"But my car, my apartment, my stuff.† â€Å"Your apartment is a pit and I put your stuff worth keeping in a ministorage. I’ve got the pink slip for your Camaro. Sign it over to me. I’ll sell it and send you the money.† â€Å"You were pretty fucking sure I’d want to do this.† â€Å"What choice do you have?† Jake parked the Land Rover in short-term parking, shouldered the pack, and led Tucker into the international terminal. They checked the pack and found a rest room near Tucker’s departure gate. â€Å"I can do this myself,† Tucker said. Jake Skye was peering over the door into the stall where Tucker was preparing to remove his bandages and, finally, the catheter. A line of businessmen washed their hands at a line of lavatories while trying not to notice what was going on behind them in the stall. â€Å"Just yank it,† Jake Skye said. â€Å"Give me a minute. I think they tied a knot inside it.† â€Å"Don’t be a wuss, Tucker. Yank it.† The businessmen at the sinks exchanged raised eyebrows and one by one broke for the rest room door. Jake said, â€Å"I’m going to give you to five, then I’m coming over the stall and yanking it for you. One, two†¦Ã¢â‚¬  A rodeo cowboy at the urinals hitched up his Wranglers, pulled his hat down, and made a bowlegged beeline for the door to get on a plane to someplace where this sort of thing didn’t happen. â€Å"Five!† Security guards rushed through the terminal toward the screaming. Someone was being murdered in the men’s room and they were responsible. They burst into the rest room with guns drawn. Jake Skye was coiling up some tubing by the sinks. There was whimpering coming from one of the stalls. â€Å"Everything’s fine, officers,† Jake said. â€Å"My friend’s a little upset. He just found out that his mother died.† â€Å"My mother’s not dead!† Tucker said from the stall. â€Å"He’s in denial,† Jake whispered to the guards. â€Å"Here, you better takes this.† He handed the tubing to one of the guards. â€Å"We don’t want him hanging himself in grief.† Ten minutes later, after condolences from the security staff, they sat in the departure lounge drinking gin and tonics, waiting for Tuck’s boarding call. Around them, a score of men and women in suits fired out phone calls on cell phones while twenty more performed an impromptu dog pile at the bar, trying to occupy the minuscule smoking area. Jake Skye was cataloging the contents of the pack he’d given to Tuck. Tucker wasn’t listening. He was overwhelmed with the speed with which his life had gone to shit, and he was desperately trying to sort it out. Jake’s voice was lost like kazoo sounds in a wind tunnel. Jake droned, â€Å"The stove will run on anything: diesel, jet fuel, gasoline, even vodka. There’s a mask, fins, and snorkel, and a couple of waterproof flashlights.† The job with Mary Jean had been perfect. A different city every few days, nice hotels, an expense account, and literally thousands of earnest Mary Jean ladies to indulge him. And they did, one or two at each convention. Inspired by Mary Jean’s speeches on self-determination, motivation, and how they too could be a winner, they sought Tucker out to have their one adventurous affair with a jet pilot. And because no matter how many times it happened, he was always somewhat surprised by their advances, Tucker played a part. He behaved like a man torn from the cover of some steamy romance novel: the charming rogue, the passionate pirate who would, come morning, take his ship to sea for God, Queen, and Country. Of course, usually, sometime before morning, the women would realize that under the smooth, gin-painted exterior was a guy who sniffed his shorts to check their wearability. But for a moment, for them and for him, he had been cool. Sleazy, but cool. When the sleaze got to him, he needed only to suck a few hits of oxygen from the cabin cylinder to chase the hangover, then pull the pink jet into the sky to convince himself he was a professional, competent and in control. At altitude he turned it all over to the autopilot. But now he couldn’t seduce anyone or allow himself to be seduced, and he wasn’t sure he could fly. The crash had juiced him of his confidence. It wasn’t the impact or even the injuries. It was that last moment, when the guy, or the angel, or whatever it was appeared in the copilot’s seat. â€Å"You ever think about God?† Tucker asked Jake. Jake Skye’s face went dead with incomprehension. â€Å"You’re going to need to know about this stuff if you get into trouble. Kinda like checking the fuel gauges – if you know what I mean.† Tucker winced. â€Å"Look, I heard every word you said. This seemed important all of a sudden, you know?† â€Å"Well, in that case, Tuck, yes, I do think about God sometimes. When I’m with a really hot babe, and we’re going at it like sweaty monkeys, I think about it then. I think about a big old pissed-off Sistine Chapel finger-pointin’ motherfucker. And you know what? It works. You don’t come when you’re thinking about shit like that. You should try it sometime. Oh, sorry.† â€Å"Never mind,† Tucker said. â€Å"You can’t let that kid with the Bible get to you. He’s too young to have given up on religion†¦doesn’t have enough sin under his belt. Guys like us, best bet is that it’s all bullshit and we go directly to worm food. Try not to think about it.† â€Å"Right,† Tucker said, totally unsatisfied. If you had a question about any piece of gadgetry on the planet, Jake Skye was your man. But spiritually, he was a hamster. Which, actually, was one of the things Tucker used to like about him. He tried not to think about it and changed the subject. â€Å"So what do I need to know about flying a Lear 45?† Jake seemed relieved to be back into the realm of technology. â€Å"I haven’t seen one yet, but they say it flies just like Mary Jean’s old Lear 25, only faster and a longer range. Better avionics. Read the manuals when you get there.† â€Å"What about navigation equipment?† Tucker’s navigation was weak. Since he’d gotten his jet license, he’d depended completely on automatic systems.† â€Å"You’ll be fine. You don’t buy a four-million-dollar plane and cheap out on the navigation and radios. This doctor’s got an e-mail address, which means he’s got a computer. You’ll be able to access charts and weather, and file flight plans with that. Check the facilities at your destinations, so you’ll know what to expect. Some of these Third World airstrips just have a native with a candle for night landings. And check your fuel availability. They’ll sell you sewer water instead of jet fuel if you don’t check. You ever deal with Third World airport cops?† Tucker shrugged. Jake knew damn well he hadn’t. He’d gotten his hours flying copilot in the Mary Jean jet, and they’d never taken that outside of the continental United States except for one trip to Hawaii. â€Å"Well,† Jake continued, â€Å"the catchword is ‘bribe, bribe, and bribe.’ Offer the highest amount you can at the lowest level of authority. Always have a thick roll of American dollars with you, and don’t bring it to the table if you’re not willing to lose it. Keep something stashed in your shoe if they tap you out.† â€Å"You think this doctor is going to have me hauling drugs?† â€Å"Good chance of it, don’t you think? Besides, it doesn’t matter. These people are brutal. Half the time the government guys have the same last name, so if you move up the ladder, you’re just talking to the uncle of the last one that hit you. He has to charge you more out of pride.† Tucker cradled his head in his hands and stared into his gin and tonic. â€Å"I’m fucked.† Jake patted him on the arm, then drew back at the intimacy of the act. â€Å"They’re calling your flight. You’ll be fine.† They rose and Jake threw some cash on the table. At the gate Tucker turned to his friend. â€Å"Man, I don’t know what to say.† Jake extended his hand. â€Å"No sweat, man. You’d have done it for me.† â€Å"I really hate flying in the back. Check on that kid from the motel, okay.† â€Å"I’m on it. Look, everything you need is in the pack. Don’t leave it behind.† â€Å"Right,† Tucker said. â€Å"Well†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He turned and walked down the ramp to the plane. Jake Skye watched him go, then turned, walked to a pay phone, dialed some numbers, and waited. â€Å"Yeah, it’s Jake. He’s on his way. Yeah, gone for good. When can I pick up my check?† How to cite Island of the Sequined Love Nun Chapter 4~7, Essay examples

Australian Economic Performance from 2007-2016-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Australian Economic Performance from 2007-2016. Answer: Introduction: Australian is one of the developed economies and is also one or the worlds largest mixed economy. Its GDP level is very high of over trillion Australian dollars. As at 2016, the GDP record was AUD$1.67 trillion. The economys wealth is over 9 trillion. This economy is one of the biggest world international trader. It is ranked 20th in terms of importation and 25th in terms of exportation. The service sector is the main component of this economies GDP with over 73% constitute. The mining and manufacturing industries also contribute for a big proportion to its GDP. The performance of this economy is provided by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) and it also makes forecasts based on the economic trend. This economy has experienced growth for 26 years without falling in a recession unlike many other economies. According to Scutt (2016) this economy is very strong that anyone could imagine. The government is employing various policy instruments so as to facilitate better economic performa nce. In order to promote international trade, the country has engaged with other economies and signed a free trade agreement. These economies include; with the United States, Canada, ASEAN, Chile, Korea, China, Malaysia, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore and Thailand. However despite the economy being said to be strong, Irvine (2017) noted that there have been a reduction in business investment and the economy may be falling into a recession. Production Output Performance Analysis Australian Real GDP Whereas nominal GDP is the GDP measured at current prices, real GDP is that GDP measured at constant prices. This means that it is measured respective to a certain base year and thus it is adjusted for the inflation changes. In an economy, prices may rise or fall over the years; and this may result in unreliable analysis of economic performance. For instance, a price rise may result in policy makers assuming that the economy is performing well which may not be the case. Thus the importance of real GDP is to take the value of produced goods and services as if the price have not gone up or down. Amadeo (2017) explained that real GDP measurement of the economic performance is tied to only final output. For this he meant that if its for a car, the final car is included in the measure but the parts used in making the car are not included. It also include services in its measure. However, not all services are included since some are difficult to measure. The services measured include your bank, hairdresser, and also services provided by non-profits (Goodwill). Some of the excluded service include; black market activities, elder care, childcare, volunteer work for charities. Fig: Australian Real GDP Imf.org (2017) The Australian real GDP has been high of over 1,300 billion for the past decade. The trend of this change in real GDP is rising constantly. This means that the year 2007 had the lowest real GDP and the highest was in 2016. A higher real GDP is an indicator of healthy economic performance. Australian Real GDP Growth Real GDP growth rate is a measure of the pace at which the economy is growing at. This is the change in the real GDP. This growth rate is estimated at constant prices. The real GDP measures economic performance by comparing the changes f GDP from one quarter to another. The changes of real GDP is experience during the business cycles. It is positive during the expansion of the economy and negative during the contraction. Fig: Australian real GDP growth Imf.org (2017) The Australian economy had the highest real GDP growth rate of 4.5 % in 2007. The rate fell 2.6% in the following year. The year 2009 had the worst growth rate of 1.8%. The growth however rose from 2009 to another peak in 2012 of 3.5%. Again in 2013, there was a big fall to 2 %. In 2014, the growth rose to 2.7%, fell to 2.9% in 2015 and rose to 2.85% in 2016. Overall, the growth rate has a negative trend. Australian Real GDP per Capita Real GDP per Capital is a measure used in the estimation of the changes in the living standards. It is used in the comparison between different countries. The real GDP per capita is used to measure economic performance as every nation is interested in promoting improved living standards. It is obtained by dividing the real GDP by the total population (Pettinger, 2012). Fig: Australian real GDP per capita Imf.org (2017) The real GDP per capita for Australia has almost be constantly rising; the trend is thus positive. There was a constant GDP per capital in 2008 to 2009 of 64,400.The smallest real GDP per capita was in 2007 with the highest being in 2016. The real GDP per capital was approximately 64,150 USD in 2007 and 69,400 USD in 2016. Governments Measures The Australian government is most concerned with its economic performance. It has ensured a continued economic growth by maintaining a flexible policy framework. The government mostly use either fiscal policy tools or monetary policy tool to stimulate growth (Uren, 2016). Fiscal policy tools entails influencing the spending by the government or its taxes. According to Bindseil (2014), the monetary policy tool entails the influence on the money supply or the cash rate by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA). The government was so fast to prevent the 2008 global recession from hurting the economy by providing a stimulus package (Murphy, 2017). The RBA has maintained its cash rate at a very low level to promote growth. Labour Market Analysis Unemployment in Australia Unemployment rate has been defined by various economists as an economic condition in which an economy performance is not healthy and thus the economy is not able to supply sufficient jobs; this situation is such that there are people who cant get a job despite the vigorous search. Most economies are being faced with the challenges of rising unemployment rate even those that are well performing. It is difficult for an economy to provide jobs that equates the labor demand and thus full employment cannot be achieved. Fig: Australian Unemployment rate Source: Tradingeconomics.com (2017) The Australian unemployment rate can be observed to have been going down before the 2008 recession. In fact, the lowest rate in record was in 2008 (4%). However, there was a sharp rise in the last quarter of 2008 which reached a peak of approximately 5.8% in 2009. There was a fall to a trough of 4.8% in 2011. The rate rose again to another peak of 6.3% in 2015. Since then the rate has been going down (the 2016 record was on average 5.3%). Overall, the trend is positive. Typical Unemployment Types The four major typical unemployment types are structural, frictional, cyclical and seasonal. The structural unemployment is experienced from structural changes; globalization is the major source for structural unemployment (Nickolas, 2015). An example is when a technological advancement requires employees to possess some particular skills; failure to which some are laid off. These workers previous skills may not be useful to other businesses and thus its hard for the laid off employee to get a new job. It occurs when jobs are in plentiful but there is a mismatch of skills. Frictional unemployment is the second type which is experienced by the fresh graduates and those who voluntarily quit their jobs due to lack of satisfaction so that they may look for a better one. It takes time before those who are seeking employment match with the employing firms. Cyclical unemployment is the third type which is present in all economies since all nations face business cycles. During an expansion cycle where businesses are doing well, many people get jobs since expansion of businesses requires additional labor (Hall, 2010). However, during a contraction period where businesses are contracting, some people lose their jobs since they are laid off to lower operational costs. These people will only get back to their jobs once the businesses recovers again; this may take long. The seasonal unemployment is the last type which is present for various particular productions. In a production process, employees possess unique skills. In a production process with different stages, if the stages are done at different time periods, some people may remain unemployed when their operational stage is not functioning. Immediately the process gets to that stage, these employees get back to their job. Unemployment Types in Australia Cyclical unemployment is present in Australia since from the GDP growth analysis we have seen that it has been going fluctuations which indicates that business cycles have been experienced. Frictional unemployment is also present since if a person quits a job, they take long to match another employer. Frictional unemployment is present in all economies since the employers dont know the potential employees and also the potential employees dont know all those who are hiring. In addition, the search for the best worker may take time due to a need for interviews and other human resource requirement. Structural unemployment is also present since some job seekers may hear of a job vacancy but the skills requirement fail to match that which they are possessing. They end up not getting the job and they remain unemployed. Finally the frictional unemployment is present in that Australia is a nation of extensive agricultural activities. Some people employed in the farms usually remain unemploye d when a certain agricultural stage is exhausted. For instance, after planting, the workers have to wait for the weeding period. Government Measures The governments objective is an attempt to provide the maximum employment possible (nearing full employment). This is by the use of either fiscal policy tools or monetary policy tools. The Australian government ensuring that the interest rate is low is a form of stimulating economic growth. At lower rates of interest, investors are attracted to seeking more capital to invest in new or expand the existing businesses; new businesses and business expansion create more jobs. The Australian government is also increasing its spending on investments which is also creating more jobs. Price Level Analysis Inflation in Australia Inflation is experienced when there is a rapid rise in the general price level Chand (2017). Prices for most goods and services may become very high owing to many factors which will be discussed. Fig: Australian Inflation rate Tradingeconomics.com (2017) The trend observed above is falling; this means that the Australian government has its inflation rate under control. Typical Causes of Inflation There are two major cause; one is the demand-pull inflation; here, the demand in the economy rises. An excess demand whereas the supply is inelastic makes the prices to rise. Second is cost-push inflation; here, the cost of production rises such that producers end up raising the output prices so as to maintain their revenues. Inflation causes in Australia Both causes are responsible for inflation rate in Australia. The most commonly cost is the cost-push inflation. For instance, the manufacturing costs are very high in Australia. Unless these firms are allowed to raise their output prices, their operation may not be sustainable in the long run. Government Measures The government also uses fiscal and monetary policy tools to bring stability to the general prices. When inflation is stimulated by demand; meaning there is a strong money supply in an economy, the government may either increase taxes to reduced available income or raise the interest rate to discourage borrowing of money. The government may also directly reduce the money supply through the RBA. Conclusion In order to determine how much the economy is producing, real GDP is the best measure. Its effective in that it takes care of any price change that may have resulted over the years. It can be used in comparison of performance between countries since prices are held constant. Real GDP growth is a good measure of performance since even if the economy is growing, the growth may be at a sluggish pace. A fall in real GDP growth does not mean that a countrys real GDP must be falling; it could still be going up. The real growth rate of GDP in has been going up and down over the years. This effect is explained by the presence of business cycles. The economic indicators are indicating a reduced economic health during 2008 and 2009 although insignificant. This is the period of the Global recession of which the Australian economy escaped with less impacts compared to most nations. The Australian economy is being faced by the rising unemployment challenge. There are many factor responsible for unemployment in which the government is unable to take control. For example, the wage rigidity cannot allow the government to lower wages such that they could be able to supply more labor. Inflation rate is not a major threat to this economy; since the cash rate is still revised downwards, it indicates that inflation rate is still under control. References Amadeo, K. (2017). What makes Real GDP so Incredibly Real? The Balance. Retrieved 5 August 2017, from https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-real-gdp-how-to-calculate-it-vs-nominal-3306040. Bindseil, U. (2014). Monetary policy operations and the financial system (1st Ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Chand, S. (2017). Main Causes of Inflation Derived by Economists. YourArticleLibrary.com: The Next Generation Library. Retrieved 6 August 2017, from https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/macro-economics/inflation-macro-economics/main-causes-of-inflation-derived-by-economists/32883/. Hall, E., Lieberman, M. (2010). Economics: Principles applications. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Imf.org. (2017). Report for Selected Countries and Subjects. Imf.org. Retrieved 6 August 2017, from https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2007ey=2016scsm=1ssd=1sort=countryds=.br=1pr1.x=53pr1.y=9c=193s=NGDP_R%2CNGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPRPC%2CPCPIPCH%2CLURgrp=0a=. Irvine, J. (2017). Uncertain waters ahead for the Australian economy. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 5 August 2017, from https://www.smh.com.au/comment/uncertain-waters-ahead-for-the-australian-economy-20170603-gwjok8.html. Murphy, K. (2017). Ten years on, voters say Labor's $52bn stimulus saved Australia from recession. The Guardian. Retrieved 6 August 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/aug/04/ten-years-on-voters-say-labors-52bn-stimulus-saved-australia-from-recession. Nickolas, S. (2015). What are some causes of structural unemployment? Investopedia. Retrieved 6 August 2017, from https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/050115/what-are-some-causes-structural-unemployment.asp. Pettinger, T. (2012). Real GDP Per Capita. Economicshelp.org. Retrieved 5 August 2017, from https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/glossary/real-gdp-capita/. Tradingeconomics.com. (2017). Australia Unemployment Rate | 1978-2017 | Data | Chart | Calendar. Tradingeconomics.com. Retrieved 6 August 2017, from https://tradingeconomics.com/australia/unemployment-rate. Uren, D. (2016). Australian economy: improved growth likely in 2017. Theaustralian.com.au. Retrieved 6 August 2017, from https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/opinion/david-uren-economics/australian-economy-improved-growth-likely-in-2017/news-story/326486dc7822e09a9d78ac3bc5af0bef. Scutt, D. (2016). Australia's economy is stronger than anyone thought. Business Insider Australia. Retrieved 5 August 2017, from https://www.businessinsider.com.au/australia-gdp-q4-2015-economic-growth-2016-3

Juvenile Delinquency Criminological Theories

Investigating the inhibition of copper sulphate between an enzyme and substrate Essays

Investigating the inhibition of copper sulphate between an enzyme and substrate Essays Investigating the inhibition of copper sulphate between an enzyme and substrate Essay Investigating the inhibition of copper sulphate between an enzyme and substrate Essay In this investigation I will be carrying out an experiment to see how the addition of copper sulphate to the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and carrots is effected. This is a simple model showing how inhibition (copper sulphate is inhibitor) takes place between an enzyme (carrot) and substrate (hydrogen Peroxide). It will most likely show the effect of a competitive inhibitor as the more inhibitor you add to the reaction between the enzyme and substrate, the slower the reaction between the substrate and enzyme will slow down. I will know how well the reaction (enzyme and substrate binding) is going by collecting the amount of gas (oxygen) given off in the reaction. Obviously if there is a lot of gas given off then the reaction will be faster than if the reaction is slow. I will be going through what my investigation is about and developing a prediction about my investigation. I will then go through some information about information and inhibition and tell you what I know about them. After that I will introduce you to my pre-tests and how I came about to choose the method that I used in the end. I will then talk about what I will need to take account for when doing my investigation, such things as what Ill need to carry out the investigation, what precautions I will take and what things will be done throughout the tests that I do. I will include tables and graphs to show my results and finally conclude my results and finish my investigation by evaluating how well my investigation went. Prediction I predict that when copper sulphate (inhibitor) is added to the hydrogen peroxide (substrate) and carrot (enzyme) it will make the reaction between the enzyme and substrate slower as the copper sulphate will inhibit the enzymes. I also predict that the copper sulphate is a competitive inhibitor otherwise if it were a non-competitive inhibitor the reaction between the substrate and enzyme would not affected in a way that there would hardly be a reaction. I predict that the more substrate there is then the more reaction (substrate binding onto enzymes) will take place. Background Knowledge From class work and essays I already know this information about enzymes:- Most Enzymes are proteins and can be described as catalysts. The majority if not every metabolic reaction which takes place within a living organism is catalysed by enzymes. Enzymes are globular proteins. Like all globular proteins, enzyme molecules are coiled into a specific three-dimensional shape with side chain hydrophilic R groups on the outside of the molecule. This ensures that the enzyme is soluble. Enzymes have a special feature and this is that they posses an active site. This is a region on the enzyme to which another molecule or molecules can bind onto it. This is the substrate of the enzyme. The shape of the specific shape allows the substrate to fit in just right. Also it is held by temporary bonds. This is called the enzyme-substrate complex as a simplified diagram on the next page shows. Each type of enzyme acts on a specific type of enzyme that the enzyme is fit to do as the shape of its active site has a specific shape that only allows that one type of substrate to fit in. The enzyme may catalyse a reaction causing the substrate molecule to split (2 or more) as shown in the diagram. Alternatively catalysing may cause a joining of two molecules. After this process the molecules leave the unchanged enzyme leaving it for another substrate molecule to go and bond onto it. There may be one specific substrate that fits into a specific enzymes active site but there is a possibility for another molecule very similar to the enzymes substrate which can also fit into the active site. This inhibits the enzymes function. This causes competition between the substrate and the enzyme to inhibit the enzyme. If there arent many Inhibitors present then the binding of substrate to enzymes wont be affected but if the substrate was low in concentration compared to the inhibitor then the less likely the substrates will occupy the enzymes active site. This is known as competitive inhibition. In other cases an inhibitor can occupy an enzymes site permanently and therefore will not allow a substrate to bind onto the active site. This is known as non-competitive inhibition and is irreversible. Another form of non-competitive inhibition is when a bacteria can bind somewhere else on the enzyme rather than on the active site. This may result in the enzyme becoming mishapened and disrupts the enzymes arrangement of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Using this simple table you can decipher whether or not if an inhibitor is a competitive or non-competitive inhibitor. Source for background knowledge: Biology 1 (Cambridge, endorsed by OCR). Preliminary Work Before I began my actual investigation I had to decipher what apparatus I would need and what the best method of getting a fair test would be. There was an option of using a glass syringe to collect the gas given off or to use a measuring cylinder in a bucket of water. I also had to comprehend how much carrot gratings and hydrogen peroxide I would require. The method I chose to test out first was the one with the measuring cylinder as I had the notion that not much gas would be given off. I set up my apparatus as shown in the diagram: After deciphering how much hydrogen peroxide (ml) and carrot grating (weighed in grams) I would need I carried out the experiment. At first the reaction went hastily so I tried different amounts of carrot grating and hydrogen peroxide and the results turned out to be similar to the first test. There was clearly too much hydrogen peroxide and carrot gratings as substrate molecules were binding onto the enzyme at a quick rate because a lot of oxygen was being given off and also some of the hydrogen peroxide made its way into the bung. After some deliberation I decided to opt for the glass syringe method as it seemed to be more appropriate. So again like before I set up the equipment as shown in the diagram on the following page: When carrying out the experiment using this method I found that now that there was a larger area for the oxygen to go into, there wasnt much gas being collected into the glass syringe so this time I had to use more carrot gratings and hydrogen peroxide. I then, after a couple of tries to get an adequate amount of both the hydrogen peroxide and carrot gratings, determined how much of both the carrot gratings and hydrogen peroxide I needed. I found that using 5ml hydrogen peroxide to each gram of carrot gratings would give me a fairly good test. I went with using 4g of carrot gratings and 20ml hydrogen peroxide. This was going to be used as my control for the investigation. I will later add copper sulphate, which acts as an inhibitor. Also I found that I was using 1% copper sulphate solutions so I decided to use different concentrations in my investigation. I chose to use these concentrations to test inhibition: 1%, 0. 8%, 0. 6%, 0. 4%, 0. 2% and 0% as the control (with the addition of water). Finally I then decided to use 15 second time intervals to take readings on the glass syringe. I will keep doing this for approximately 3 and a half minutes.

Domestic Bathtubs Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Domestic Bathtubs - Lab Report Example According to Wright, (1980), today, 62% of bathtubs, 28% of lavatories and 92% of whirlpool baths are made of plastic. According to Mazzurco (1986), the American National Standards Institute has set standards that manufacturers should observe when designing bath tubs. They may use enameled cast steel or iron besides plastic. Consumers are however taking into account the aesthetic features, safety, durability and environmental aspects when choosing bathtub materials. Customers and manufactures are now taking advantage of enameled or plastic bathtubs to design one-unit bathtubs. Safety, being an important factor to consider, is ensured in modern bathtubs by the use of prefabricated slip-resistant surfaces. The bath tabs should be leak free, the potential problem being solved by the provision of a moisture barrier between the subfloor and the bathtub, or ensuring that the base and the wall are integral parts of the bathtub. Bathtub Materials It is very important to choose the best mater ials for making bath tubs, just as it is important to consider its functions (Mazzurco 1986, pp.57). A wide range of materials that can be used to make bath tubs are readily available. However, they all have their own cons and pros of use. Other factors to consider in material selection are their cleanliness as well as longevity. These materials are in most cases available for spas, basic bath tubs and whirlpools. Examples of materials that are used to manufacture bath tubs are acrylic, cast iron, porcelain/ ceramic tiles, concrete, copper, cultured marble, fiberglass, granite, and porcelain on steel. Acrylic bath tubs normally chip and crack. Therefore, this material is reinforced by fiberglass to make it resistant. However, it is cost effective and light in weight thus allowing easier mass production. Bath tubs made of cast iron are very costly and heavy in weight. Manufacturing bath tubs with cast iron involves creating a mold according to the desired design, and then melting iro n and pouring it into the mold. Though they are expensive, they have two big advantages: many chemicals will not destroy the surface, and they firmly withstand abuse because it is nearly impossible to dent or scratch a bath tub made of cast iron. In its construction of porcelain or ceramic tile bath tubs, a wood form is produced and then covered in concrete. A gentle slope is essential as it ensures the right drainage. A water proof adhesive is used to glue the tiles to the concrete while cracks are sealed with grout. Unfortunately, they are often prone to small cracks that can cause leaks as a result of shifting of the whole house or form. Concrete is not a common material in the manufacture of bath tubs because of its high cost of labor. Concrete is either created in the factory or molded on site and then the finished product is delivered and placed in position. The biggest advantage of constructing bath tubs using tiles is that different textures and colors can be applied on the concrete. Furthermore, the material can conceive almost any color and shape. For a bath tub, copper is very costly to use. Another material that is normally used to manufacture bath tubs is cultured marble. Cultured marble is created by mixing polyester resin with limestone together and then coating it with gel. It is less expensive than cast iron but more

Proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Proposal - Assignment Example These factors raised issues for the company with regard to Supply Chain Management (SCM) which further caused substantial decrease in stakeholders’ confidence. In this regard, the company will be provided with the opportunity of devising as well as implementing better policies and standards with the objective of improving business operations of its suppliers on a global context (Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., â€Å"Ethical Sourcing†). Solution In order to mitigate the above described SCM related issue, Walmart decided to undergo a massive restructuring process. In this context, the suppliers of the company were required to be ISO 9000 certified in order to provide goods to the company adhering to the specified quality standards which would not only assure an effective holistic approach in its SCM practices, but shall also prove beneficial in revitalizing stakeholders’ confidence. Moreover, with the ISO certification of suppliers, the company also expected to vitalize its ability to assure that the goods procured are in accordance with the specified quality standards. ... All these initiatives have apparently aided the company and its suppliers to perform their business operations applying increased ethical concerns in terms of quality and transparency (Plambeck and Denend, â€Å"The Greening of Walmart’s Supply Chain†). Why did you pick this topic? SCM is determined to be an important element for retailing and other related companies to perform their business operations in an effective manner. Moreover, with the growing demand for superior quality of goods and/or services are observed among consumers in worldwide market segments. The case of Walmart in relation to the SCM issues has been adopted for identifying the importance of ISO 9000 certification among companies which presents a relatively challenging and unique doctrine to be studied. What is it about this topic that interests you? The topic is based on the notion which signifies that SCM practices, within the organizational context are determined to be an important element which is essential to procure quality goods or services in an efficient manner. It is worth mentioning in this context that with the development of technology and globalization effects, the market competition has intensified. In this respect, consumers are also recognized to be demanding for superior goods at competitive prices. This particular understanding can be apparently observed with reference to the SCM practiced within Walmart wherein the suppliers are required to be ISO certified in order to assure that the goods procured are in accordance with the specified quality standards. Moreover, this topic also seemed to be emphasizing on the importance of principles and standards for conducting SCM operations in an ethical manner within the global periphery. What

Financial Research Report Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Financial Report - Research Paper Example Also, the company has an enviable customer base that is extremely loyal towards the iOS platform. The company has maintained historical records of maintaining a customer retention percentage of more than 90%. The analysts and the investors are considering Apple as a strong buy based on the Fibonacci model. The Fibonacci retracements state that the stock prices follow a trend of rising strongly, then falling down to a lower price followed by a significant upturn. This justifies the fall of the stock prices in the fourth quarter of 2012 followed by a steep rise in the stock prices starting from the first quarter of 2013. Apple is considered as a fundamentally and technically strong company ideal for investment in its stocks (Edwards, 2007). The value driven mutual funds consider Apple as an important stock for investment and almost 40% of these mutual funds hold positions in Apple with more than USD 1 billion of assets. The biggest investors of the world are expected to accelerate the growth of shareholder value of Apple through buy backs and dividend pay-outs. The balance sheet of Apple is strong with zero debt value and high cash reserves of more than USD 1.45 billion. Around 74% of the analysts in the Wall Street hold a strong buy on the shares of Apple Inc. Moreover, the company is projected to surpass the earnings expectations by the end of the last quarter of 2013. The stocks of Apple Inc. represent more than 13% of the 100 stocks in NASDAQ and remain the most famous stock to invest by the hedge funds. Ratio analysis   Ratio Analysis for Apple Inc. Ratios 2013 2012 2011 Return on assets 0.18 0.24 0.22 Current ratio 1.68 1.50 1.61 Quick ratio 1.64 1.48 1.58 Debt Equity ratio 0.68 0.49 0.52 Debt ratio 0.40 0.33 0.34 Price earnings ratio 13.96 11.75 13.77 EPS 39.75 44.15 27.68 Working Capital 29628000 19111000 17018000 Return on Assets The Return on Assets percentage indicates the profitability of the assets of a business in terms of earning revenue for the business (Brown, 2003). Ideally, the return on assets should be greater than 5%. In the case of Apple Inc. the ratio of net income to total assets decreases from 22% in 2011 to 24% in 2012 and to 18% in 2013. The return on assets ratio for Apple is quite high compared to the industry standards and indicates that the business is efficient in employing the stakeholder’s assets in generating income. The better use of the assets i.e. debt and equity in a business is represented by a higher percentage of ROA. Though the ROA percentages of Apple Inc. have decreased from 2011 to 2013, yet the investors would consider 18% ROA as a positive factor for investing in the stocks of Apple Inc. Current ratio Current ratio is used to measure how equipped the business ids to pay off its short term obligations like payables and debts using the current assets in the business like inventory, cash and other receivables. Current ratio is simply calculated by dividing the current assets by the curr ent liabilities which include short term debts and other liabilities that are due within a period of less than a year. An ideal current ratio is valued at 2:1. The current ratios of Apple Inc. are measured at 1.61 in 2011, 1.50 in 2012 and 1.68 in 2013. Thus, the current ratios of Apple Inc. are strong over the three years indicating that the business

Kenya contributions of foreign aid to economic development

Kenya contributions of foreign aid to economic development Foreign aid is the transfer of capital, goods and services from one country to another. This aid may be given or transferred in form of capital transfers or technical assistance and training for either military or civilian purposes. Foreign aid is often given with conditions attached such as requirement that all or part of it maybe capital be used goods from the donor country or company given as a grant with no repayment obligation or a loan with a condition that the recipient country or nation purchase goods or services with the aid from the donor nation or company. These aids can be classified in to two: Bilateral aid Multilateral aid Bilateral aid is aid transferred from one single state or one country to another. Multilateral aid is aid transferred from alliances of multiple states e.g. international monetary fund. Development on the other side is a social phenomenon and it describes sources that are associated with human beings. It is the extension of the theoretical or practical aspects of a concept, design, discovery, or invention. A process of economic and social transformation which is based on complex cultural and environmental factors and their interactions. It can also be defined as a process of adding improvements to a parcel of land, such as grading, subdivisions, drainage, access, roads, utilities. All these can be used to describe development as the transition from a state of poor livelihood to an improved better state. A multinational corporation is a corporation that has its production facilities or other fixed assets in at least one foreign country and makes its major decision of management in a global context. In production, marketing, research and development and labour relations the multinational corporation makes its decision in terms of the host countrys customs and traditions. In finance many of its problems such as the need to shelter working capital from the risk of devaluation , or the choices between owning or licensing have no domestic counterpart. In addition to foreign exchange risks and the special business risk of operating in unfamiliar environments, there is an issue of political risk that sovereign governments may interfere with operations or even terminate the operations. Corporations invest in other countries for a number of reasons that include opening new markets or holding into the existing ones, to get new sources of raw materials and agricultural production, to take advan tage of cheap resources like labour and others. Some critics argue that these transnational corporations work solely in their own best of interest and exhibit no loyalty to the countries in which they are incorporated. CONTRIBUTIONS: Foreign aid had a lot of contribution to the economy of Kenya some that are positive and others negative. The use of foreign aid in the modern era began in the 18th century this was when Prussia subsided some of its allies. It then developed in to more sophisticated instrument of foreign policy after World War II. International organizations such as United Nation Relief and Rehabilitation Administrations were created to provide aid to countries affected by war and newly freed colonies. About 15% of foreign aid is provided by international bodies while the rest by various non-governmental organizations, Inter national Development association, multinational corporations and the International Finance Corporation: regional development Banks, the UN Development program, the European Development Fund and special agencies of the United Nations such as Food and Agriculture Organization. U.S. Corporations have various motives for establishing a corporate presence in other countries. The main possible motive is the desire of growth. In this case a corporation may have reached plateaus in meeting domestic demands and anticipate little additional growth and so a new foreign market might provide opportunities for new growth. Also through direct foreign investment a corporation may bypass high tariffs that prevent its goods from being competitively priced this is all done because of some corporations desire to escape protectionists policies of an importing country. Other motives include preventing competition and reducing cost. Preventing actual or potential competition from foreign nations is by acquiring their businesses and on the other side reducing cost can be attained through the use of cheap foreign resources like labour in developing countries. Some corporations can lower their costs by shifting some or all of its production facilities to other countries. This can also be done as they have the ability to use foreign subsidiaries to minimize their tax liability. The rise of multinationals which is a relatively recent occurrence has resulted to a great deal of legal ambiguity as they can operate in many area codes. Multinational corporations (MNCs) engage in useful and morally defensible activities in Third World countries Kenya being one of the countries and they have been receiving credits for the activities. Some of the significant activities that these MNCs did was extending of opportunities for earning higher incomes and also opportunity of consuming improved quality of goods and services by people living in areas below the poverty line. Although the MNCs came to Kenya with good intentions, they have misrepresented by fearful and ugly images of Marxists and the Dependency Theory advocates. Because many of these MNCs firms originate from industrialized countries including the U.S., the U.K., Canada Germany France and Italy, they have been viewed as instruments for the imposition of western cultural values on third world countries rather than allies in their economic development. Thus some proponents of these views urge for the expulsion of this firms while others less hostile have argued for their close monitoring or regulation by Third World governments. Close observation or supervision of the nature and activities of the MNCs in the Third World countries reveal a positive image of the firms as the allies in development process of these countries inclusive of Kenya. For the greater wellbeing of the majority of Kenyas poor, it is important that the positive contributions of these firms to the economies become more diversely understood. Even though MNCs may be primarily motivated by profits and low cost to invest in Kenya, the morality of their activities in improving the living standards of Kenyan families, Kenyans should not be obscured through misperceptions or misrepresentations. In Kenya, the firms might have been acknowledged through their high wages to local employees than what they would have earned elsewhere. Also higher rents for land and buildings contributed to their acknowledgement. As much as Kenyans believed they were earning higher wages and rents, the MNCs argued that the wages were still low as compared to wages and rents paid to employees and owners of land and buildings in the developed countries. The above explanation on how wages are paid to employees in Kenya and the developed countries but on the other hand unless workers find it most profitable to work for MNCs at the wages they offer, they would choose employment elsewhere . Similarly unless MNCs can make as much profit as they can make at home as well as compensation for the additional risks taken to invest in Kenya or Third World countries, including the risk of asset satisfaction by a hostile future government they would not venture into those parts of the world. Thus, there has to be net benefits for al parties in transaction that is multi national corporations and the workers or foreign employees for the transactions to exist. However the comparison misses several key points. For example the working conditions of developing countries e.g. Kenya and the working conditions of developed countries were not the same standard. The skills or educational levels of workers in Kenya and those of developed countries are different. The amount of machinery and equipment handled by workers in developed countries are different as compared to the ones that are used in Kenya or in the developing countries. In short the output generated by developed countries is higher than the output generated in the developing countries. The company, who is a major contributor of foreign aid in the world which Kenya is one of the beneficiaries, is SMART Company. There exists a number of smart aid programs achieving results across Kenya in different ways such as fighting disease, boosting agriculture, promoting literacy, helping in trading and attracting investments, giving power or encouraging Kenyans to fight corruption and hold their own governments to account. The smart company has aid in putting Kenyans in school or educating them and has helped in reducing malarial deaths rate. Most of the people living in Kenya are at high risk areas of malaria. A number of people have been dying of the dreaded disease but the aid programs established in Kenya together with the Kenyan government unveiled their ambitious strategy to deliver mosquito nets in in the ratio of two nets per family at risk. Within three years of the start of the program by the donors, case of malaria and death rate had been halved. This success was also brought about by delivering effective malaria treatment at lower costs to Kenyans. Kenya is working to expand access to primary health services particularly through the training of two health extension workers per village with the help of MNCs donors thirty thousand young women have been mobilized to transfer health skills to communities, a vital initiative towards a country where health services often fail to reach those in isolated rural areas. The training of these workers and the provision of disease test kits as well as drugs are all paid for by The Global Fund to fight AIDS, TB and malaria, all these leads to development. In Kenya as in many places in Africa, opening a bank account requires a minimum deposit which is often beyond the reach of poor families. In rural areas, banks can be far away and inconvenient to reach. M-PESA is money is a money transfer system which allows people to deposit, withdraw, and send money by mobile phone without a bank account. The model was piloted by Vodafone with assistance from U.K. department for international development (DFID). it was implemented in early 2007 by Safaricom, Kenyas largest mobile provider at the time. It now has approximately five million users. A worker in Nairobi can open an account at any M-PESA agent, in a local shop, a Safaricom dealer or a petrol station. He or she can deposit earnings into an M-PESA account and transfer money to family members via SMS. The recipients can then go to a local store in their village and cash the SMS using a secret code contained in the short message, and their identification card. Considering that mobile phone subscriptions in sub Saharan Africa grows by more than sixty percent annually. The investment climate facility (ICF) is an initiative that grew from the 2005 commission of Africa and started operations in July 2007. Its aim is to work with receptive African governments to make the continent an even better place to do business. It is currently active in ten African countries and working on four pan-regional projects and two other initiatives. The CIF is funded by eight donor agencies Germany, Ireland , the Netherlands, South Africa, the U.K., the African Development Bank and International Finance Corporation and nine companies Anglo American, the coca cola company, Microsoft, SABMiller, Sasol, Shell Foundation , Standard Bank, Unilever and Zain. The Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) is an initiative funded by international donors including the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation and the Rockefeller Foundation. AGRA works to enhance agricultural productivity in Africa, Kenya included by training small holder farmers supporting the development of high yielding seed varieties, and ensuring that farmers have access to good quality seeds, tools, and fertilizer. AGRAs Program for Africas Seed Systems (PASS) provides grants and scholarships to agricultural scientists who then take their knowledge to local communities, working with farmers to see which seed variety best suit their land. AGRA works on innovative ways to make these seeds and their supplies widely available to rural farmers. Since 2006, AGRA has trained and certified over 5000 new agro-dealers, and aims to reach 9000 by 2011. This is having a real impact to farmers: in 2006 in Western Kenya, for example a farmer had to travel a distance of about 17 km to an agro dealer to purchase seeds and fertilizer; today that distance is an average of 5 km. AGRA has also provided loan guarantees through which farmers can access credit to purchase supplies that0 will boost their yields and in this case encouraging development. Kibera in Nairobi, Kenya is of east Africa largest slums and the setting for the recent film, The Constant Gardener, which presents images of grinding poverty tempered by peoples spirit of endurance. It is because of this film that the MNC offers to train the local individuals business skills that will enable them to be self sufficient. This past summer, a six-person team that included two Cornell university graduates and one alumna worked alongside residents of Kibera and Nyota, about three and a half hours North West of Nairobi as part of a project called the Base of Pyramid (BoP) protocol. Headed by Johnson graduate school of managements center for sustainable global enterprise, the project seeks to design and test a new process by which large corporations can work closely with poor communities to create new business opportunity for themselves and the community. Kenya, which is home to a subsidiary of SC Johnson was the firs site chosen to test the protocol. As much as it hasnt been attempted anywhere before, this protocol leaves no doubt about the goodwill of multinational corporations in Kenya. This is related to aid as the company seeks to help those willing poor individuals in the country. This has brought development in Kibera residence. One of the team members, Erik simanis, a doctoral candidate at the Johnson school who co-directs the BoP protocol project said: we think that business partnership between corporations and poor communities, when undertaken in a spirit of mutual respect, can be a powerful way to serve the needs of these communities while creating new opportunities for growth and innovation in the company. Multinational companies in Kenya work hand in hand with the government during or when national disasters occur. For instance, during the 2008 drought season which saw many poor living Kenyan citizens who depended on agriculture as their main source of living get highly affected. This forced the government to seek foreign aid and assistance from donors and weel wishers. Varriour governments across the world donated and participated in the contributions, however, major multinational companies in Kenya took the drivers seat.; this corporationa donated various things varying from food to livestock. The Nokia mobile company, a major phone manufacturing company, donated many containers of maize flour and cooking oil to distribute to affected communities. Other companies such as Barclays Bank, Coca Cola, Nakumatt also participated. Nakumatt supermarket which has many branches across east Africa started a campaign to encourage it customers to donate o the needy. The company thus helped Kenyans assist other Kenyans. Realizing that building healthy communities involve more than just donating dollars, Toyota manufacturing companies runs Volunteers in Place Program (VIP). This program was developed to encourage and recognize team members in the company who volunteer to work in foreign aid while supporting the companies operating principle and firm belief to be a good corporate citizen. Through the years, Toyotas program has become an important volunteer network to respond to needs in the communities where the various Toyota company team members live. For many of Toyotas motor company team members, volunteering is a way of life. For others the desire to volunteer is there but help is needed to get them involved. Thats where the VIP program is most helpful to team members. In addition to volunteering to individual selected charities, team members are given the opportunity to support group volunteer activities and project sponsored by the Toyota Company. This has helped in development of Kenyas economy. TechnoServe is a leader in a movement that empowers people in the developing world to build businesses that break the cycle of poverty. Growing enterprises generate jobs and other income opportunities for poor people, enabling them to improve their lives and secure better future for their families. Since its founding in 1968 the U.S. Based non profit organization has helped to create or expand thousands of businesses benefiting millions of people in more that 30 countries. The Financial Times has rated TechnoServe one of the top 5 NGOs for corporate partnerships. TechnoServes corporate partners include Cagill, Kraft, Nestle-Nespresso, Olam International, Peets Coffee and Tea and Unilever among others. Charity Navigator has also awarded his highest foster ranking to TechnoServe. since it was founded in 2000, GM Global Aid has facilitated millions of dollars in donations for disaster relief worldwide. Through this program, GM and it national and international business units and the GM Foundation can quickly direct vehicles, services, or supplies as well as monitory contributions to charitable organization assisting in local disaster relief efforts. An essential component of our disaster relief efforts are that which allows GM employees and others worldwide to contributes funds to disaster relief. On an occasion, contributions from our employees are matched by GM Foundation and their contributions helped in development. The company who knows that no one can effectively tackle child hunger alone, the challenges are too large and complex. Partnerships with other businesses, governmental and non governmental organizations and communities around the world are the best way to achieve our objectives. Together for child vitality builds on Unilevers long tradition of responsible corporate behavior, delivered through businesses firmly rooted in local communities all round the world. World food program brings to partnership more than 40 years experience in providing food assistance to people mostly mothers and children, in worlds poorest countries. The agency has unique knowledge of their nutritional needs and food habits, coupled with logistical expertise and extensive government and health authority relationships. World food program is the worlds larges humanitarian organizations, fighting hunger worldwide and has become the worlds largest provider for school meals and take-home rations for poor children: school meals attract children too school and boost primary school enrolment, attendance, performance and completion as education contributes to development. CONCLUSION This among other contributions of multinational corporations in Kenya and other third world countries has enabled them make tremendous step in development. The government with little assistance from these corporations has been able to efficiently serve its most needy and poor people and thus their contributions are highly relevant and may be credited to most of Kenyas achievement in development. Foreign aid can bring a lot of development if implemented in the right way. It has a lot of positive contributions to economic development.

Aristotle :: essays research papers

Aristotelian Ethics & Distributive Justice Concern with material equality as the central form of distributive justice is a very modern idea. Distributive justice for Aristotle and many other writers for millennia after him was a matter of distributing what each ought to get from merit or desert in some sense. The idea of equality was arguably anathema to Aristotle and most other theorists, including Catholic philosophers, until modern times, indeed until the nineteenth century. A common view was that social hierarchy and its attendant inequality was natural. This inference was likely little more than a naturalistic fallacy of deriving ought from is, but it seemed compelling to most writers. In the seventeenth century, the Levellers in England pushed for equality as essentially a Christian requirement. But theirs was an odd voice in the history of concern with justice before the recent era. David Hume, writing about 1751, saw distributive justice in the modern sense as pernicious. He attributed concern with such an abstract principle to writers who argued from pure reason with no attention to the possibilities of their actual world and to such religious fanatics as the Levellers (discussed further below). Although he may have had a lingering commitment to arguments from merit, his actual statement of the problems with egalitarian distribution could hardly be more modern in its arguments. He wrote that: ideas of perfect equality . . .are really, at bottom, impracticable; and were they not so, would be extremely pernicious to human society. Render possessions ever so equal, men’s different degrees of art, care, and industry will immediately break that equality. Or if you check these virtues, you reduce society to the most extreme indigence; and instead of preventing want and beggary in a few, render it unavoidable to the whole community. The most rigorous inquisiti on too is requisite to watch every inequality on its first appearance; and the most severe jurisdiction, to punish and redress it. But besides, that so much authority must soon degenerate into tyranny, and be exerted with great partialities; who can possibly be possessed of it, in such a situation as here supposed? Perfect equality of possessions, destroying all subordination, weakens extremely the authority of the magistracy, and must reduce all power nearly to a level, as well as property. (Hume 1975, p. 194) In this passage, Hume raises three of the standard arguments against equality, which can be stated in contemporary vocabulary as follows.